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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">RedOctane</span></span>
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</style><table class="infobox ib-company vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org" style="font-size: 125%;">RedOctane, Inc.</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Company type</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="Subsidiary" title="Subsidiary">Subsidiary</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Industry</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="Video_game_industry" title="Video game industry">Video games</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">1999<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1999</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founders</th><td class="infobox-data agent">Kai Huang<br>Charles Huang</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Defunct</th><td class="infobox-data">February 11, 2010<span style="display: none;"> (<span class="dtend itvend">2010-02-11</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fate</th><td class="infobox-data">Closed</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="ib-company-locality locality"><a href="Mountain_View%2C_California" title="Mountain View, California">Mountain View, California</a></div>, <div class="ib-company-country country-name">US</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Key people</div></th><td class="infobox-data agent">Kai Huang (CEO and Co-Founder),<br> Charles Huang (COO and Co-Founder)<br>
<a href="Kelly_Sumner" title="Kelly Sumner">Kelly Sumner</a> (Chief Executive Officer)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="Parent_company" class="mw-redirect" title="Parent company">Parent</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Activision" title="Activision">Activision</a> (2006–2010)</td></tr></tbody></table>
<p><b>RedOctane, Inc.</b> was an American electronic entertainment company. They were best known for producing the <a href="Guitar_Hero" title="Guitar Hero"><i>Guitar Hero</i> series</a>, beginning in November 2005. RedOctane became a wholly owned subsidiary of <a href="Activision" title="Activision">Activision</a> in 2006, which later closed down in February 2010.
</p><p>A new studio, RedOctane Games LLC, dedicated to <a href="Rhythm_games" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhythm games">rhythm games</a>, was founded in August 2025 by several former RedOctane staff under the Freemode division of <a href="Embracer_Group" title="Embracer Group">Embracer Group</a>, with the original co-founders Kai and Charles Huang returning as advisors.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div>
<p>RedOctane was founded in 1999 by the brothers Kai Huang and Charles Huang. They got their beginnings operating the world's first online video game rental service, called WebGameZone. They soon began to create game accessories such as the Red Octane Ignition <a href="Dance_pad" title="Dance pad">dance mat</a>, <a href="Joystick" title="Joystick">joysticks</a>, and other accessories to build upon already-existing musical games. After soon realizing that their game accessories were tied to the launch dates of the games they were producing for, Red Octane began producing games. Their first original game was a <a href="PlayStation_2" title="PlayStation 2">PlayStation 2</a> port of <a href="Roxor_Games" title="Roxor Games">Roxor Games</a>' arcade rhythm game <i><a href="In_the_Groove_(video_game)" title="In the Groove (video game)">In the Groove</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>RedOctane teamed with developer <a href="Harmonix_Music_Systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Harmonix Music Systems">Harmonix Music Systems</a> to release <i><a href="Guitar_Hero_(video_game)" title="Guitar Hero (video game)">Guitar Hero</a></i> in November 2005 for the PlayStation 2. The game was successful, and RedOctane released a sequel in 2006 for the PlayStation 2 and <a href="Xbox_360" title="Xbox 360">Xbox 360</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>In May 2006, video game publisher <a href="Activision" title="Activision">Activision</a> announced plans to acquire RedOctane, completing the deal on June 6, 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Activision reportedly paid RedOctane <a href="United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">$</a>99.9 million in cash and common stock in the acquisition.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>After the Activision buy-out and a split from Harmonix, who went on to develop competing game <i><a href="Rock_Band_(video_game)" title="Rock Band (video game)">Rock Band</a></i>, RedOctane utilized Activision owned <a href="Neversoft" title="Neversoft">Neversoft</a>, the team responsible for the <a href="Tony_Hawk's_(series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tony Hawk's (series)">Tony Hawk</a> skateboarding video game franchise, to take the helm on <i><a href="Guitar_Hero_III%3A_Legends_of_Rock" title="Guitar Hero III: Legends of Rock">Guitar Hero III: Legends of Rock</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-exclaimmag_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-exclaimmag-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which became available in November 2007.
</p><p>Gaming news site Kotaku called <i><a href="Guitar_Hero" title="Guitar Hero">Guitar Hero</a></i> an "instant cult classic". In its 26 first months after release, <i>Guitar Hero</i> generated over $1B in sales.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>RedOctane released <i><a href="Guitar_Hero_World_Tour" title="Guitar Hero World Tour">Guitar Hero World Tour</a></i> in October 2008.
</p><p>On February 11, 2010, Activision announced the closure of their RedOctane division.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="RedOctane_Games_LLC_(2025-present)">RedOctane Games LLC (2025-present)</h2></div>
<p>Former staff of RedOctane and <a href="Vicarious_Visions" class="mw-redirect" title="Vicarious Visions">Vicarious Visions</a>, which led <i>Guitar Hero</i> development at Activision after RedOctane's closure, announced in August 2025 a new studio RedOctane Games LLC under <a href="Embracer_Group" title="Embracer Group">Embracer Freemode</a>, dedicated to "advancing the rhythm game genre".<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Co-founders Charles and Kai Huang, who launched periphery manufacture CRKD (also a subsidary of Embracer) following their departure from the original RedOctane will be returning in a special advisory capacity, with former Vicarious Visions studio head and former VP of Operations at <a href="Blizzard_Entertainment" title="Blizzard Entertainment">Blizzard Entertainment</a> Simon Ebejer leading the studio. The new RedOctane plans to reveal their first game later in 2025, supporting guitar controllers<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>
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</style><div id="Activision274" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Activision" title="Activision">Activision</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>A subsidiary of <a href="Activision_Blizzard" title="Activision Blizzard">Activision Blizzard</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="List_of_Activision_video_games" title="List of Activision video games">Franchises</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="3D_Ultra_Minigolf_(game_series)" title="3D Ultra Minigolf (game series)">3D Ultra Minigolf</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="Assault_Heroes" title="Assault Heroes">Assault Heroes</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="List_of_Cabela's_video_games" title="List of Cabela's video games">Cabela's</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="Call_of_Duty" title="Call of Duty">Call of Duty</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="City_Building_(series)" title="City Building (series)">City Building</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="Crash_Bandicoot" title="Crash Bandicoot">Crash Bandicoot</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="Empire_Earth" title="Empire Earth">Empire Earth</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="Geometry_Wars" title="Geometry Wars">Geometry Wars</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="Guitar_Hero" title="Guitar Hero">Guitar Hero</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="King's_Quest" title="King's Quest">King's Quest</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="Pitfall!" title="Pitfall!">Pitfall!</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="Police_Quest" title="Police Quest">Police Quest</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="Space_Quest" title="Space Quest">Space Quest</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="Skylanders" title="Skylanders">Skylanders</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="Spyro" title="Spyro">Spyro</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="Tony_Hawk's" title="Tony Hawk's">Tony Hawk's</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="Ultimate_Soccer_Manager" title="Ultimate Soccer Manager">Ultimate Soccer Manager</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="Zork" title="Zork">Zork</a></i></li></ul>
</div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="List_of_Activision_video_games" title="List of Activision video games">Games</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="List_of_Activision_games%3A_1980%E2%80%931999" title="List of Activision games: 1980–1999">1980–1999</a></li>
<li><a href="List_of_Activision_games%3A_2000%E2%80%932009" title="List of Activision games: 2000–2009">2000–2009</a></li>
<li><a href="List_of_Activision_games%3A_2010%E2%80%932019" title="List of Activision games: 2010–2019">2010–2019</a></li>
<li><a href="List_of_Activision_games%3A_2020%E2%80%93present" title="List of Activision games: 2020–present">2020–present</a></li>
<li><a href="List_of_Activision_Value_games" title="List of Activision Value games">Activision Value games</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Subsidiaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li>Activision Shanghai Studio</li>
<li><a href="Beenox" title="Beenox">Beenox</a></li>
<li><a href="Demonware" title="Demonware">Demonware</a></li>
<li>Digital Legends Entertainment</li>
<li>Elsewhere Entertainment</li>
<li><a href="High_Moon_Studios" title="High Moon Studios">High Moon Studios</a></li>
<li><a href="Infinity_Ward" title="Infinity Ward">Infinity Ward</a></li>
<li><a href="Raven_Software" title="Raven Software">Raven Software</a></li>
<li><a href="Sledgehammer_Games" title="Sledgehammer Games">Sledgehammer Games</a></li>
<li>Solid State Studios</li>
<li><a href="Treyarch" title="Treyarch">Treyarch</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Bizarre_Creations" title="Bizarre Creations">Bizarre Creations</a></li>
<li><a href="Budcat_Creations" title="Budcat Creations">Budcat Creations</a></li>
<li><a href="Fox_Interactive" title="Fox Interactive">Fox Interactive</a></li>
<li><a href="Ubisoft_Leamington" title="Ubisoft Leamington">FreeStyleGames</a></li>
<li><a href="Gray_Matter_Studios" title="Gray Matter Studios">Gray Matter Studios</a></li>
<li><a href="Infocom" title="Infocom">Infocom</a></li>
<li><a href="Luxoflux" title="Luxoflux">Luxoflux</a></li>
<li><a href="Massive_Entertainment" title="Massive Entertainment">Massive Entertainment</a></li>
<li><a href="Neversoft" title="Neversoft">Neversoft</a></li>
<li><a href="Radical_Entertainment" title="Radical Entertainment">Radical Entertainment</a></li>
<li><a href="Shaba_Games" title="Shaba Games">Shaba Games</a></li>
<li><a href="Sierra_Entertainment" title="Sierra Entertainment">Sierra Entertainment</a></li>
<li><a href="Swordfish_Studios" title="Swordfish Studios">Swordfish Studios</a></li>
<li><a href="Toys_for_Bob" title="Toys for Bob">Toys for Bob</a></li>
<li><a href="Underground_Development" title="Underground Development">Underground Development</a></li>
<li><a href="Universal_Interactive" title="Universal Interactive">Universal Interactive</a></li>
<li><a href="Vicarious_Visions" class="mw-redirect" title="Vicarious Visions">Vicarious Visions</a></li>
<li><a href="Behaviour_Santiago" title="Behaviour Santiago">Wanako Games</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Battle.net" title="Battle.net">Battle.net</a></li>
<li><a href="Blizzard_Entertainment" title="Blizzard Entertainment">Blizzard Entertainment</a></li>
<li><a href="Vivendi_Games" title="Vivendi Games">Vivendi Games</a></li>
<li><a href="Xbox_Game_Studios" title="Xbox Game Studios">Xbox Game Studios</a></li>
<li><a href="ZeniMax_Media" title="ZeniMax Media">ZeniMax Media</a></li>
<li><i><a href="California_Department_of_Fair_Employment_and_Housing_v._Activision_Blizzard" title="California Department of Fair Employment and Housing v. Activision Blizzard">California Department of Fair Employment and Housing v. Activision Blizzard</a></i></li>
<li><a href="Activision_Blizzard_worker_organization" title="Activision Blizzard worker organization">ABK Workers Alliance</a></li>
<li><a href="Microsoft_and_unions#United_States" title="Microsoft and unions">Microsoft and unions § United States</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"></span></span> Category</b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Guitar_Hero178" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Guitar_Hero178" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><i><a href="Guitar_Hero" title="Guitar Hero">Guitar Hero</a></i></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Main series</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="Guitar_Hero_(video_game)" title="Guitar Hero (video game)">Guitar Hero</a></i>
<ul><li><a href="List_of_songs_in_Guitar_Hero" title="List of songs in Guitar Hero">songs</a></li></ul></li>
<li><i><a href="Guitar_Hero_II" title="Guitar Hero II">Guitar Hero II</a></i>
<ul><li><a href="List_of_songs_in_Guitar_Hero_II" title="List of songs in Guitar Hero II">songs</a></li></ul></li>
<li><i><a href="Guitar_Hero_III%3A_Legends_of_Rock" title="Guitar Hero III: Legends of Rock">III: Legends of Rock</a></i>
<ul><li><a href="List_of_songs_in_Guitar_Hero_III%3A_Legends_of_Rock" title="List of songs in Guitar Hero III: Legends of Rock">songs</a></li></ul></li>
<li><i><a href="Guitar_Hero_World_Tour" title="Guitar Hero World Tour">World Tour</a></i>
<ul><li><a href="List_of_songs_in_Guitar_Hero_World_Tour" title="List of songs in Guitar Hero World Tour">songs</a></li></ul></li>
<li><i><a href="Guitar_Hero_5" title="Guitar Hero 5">Guitar Hero 5</a></i>
<ul><li><a href="List_of_songs_in_Guitar_Hero_5" title="List of songs in Guitar Hero 5">songs</a></li></ul></li>
<li><i><a href="Guitar_Hero%3A_Warriors_of_Rock" title="Guitar Hero: Warriors of Rock">Warriors of Rock</a></i>
<ul><li><a href="List_of_songs_in_Guitar_Hero%3A_Warriors_of_Rock" title="List of songs in Guitar Hero: Warriors of Rock">songs</a></li></ul></li>
<li><i><a href="Guitar_Hero_Live" title="Guitar Hero Live">Live</a></i>
<ul><li><a href="List_of_songs_in_Guitar_Hero_Live" title="List of songs in Guitar Hero Live">songs</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Expansions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="Guitar_Hero_Encore%3A_Rocks_the_80s" title="Guitar Hero Encore: Rocks the 80s">Encore: Rocks the 80s</a></i>
<ul><li><a href="Guitar_Hero_Encore%3A_Rocks_the_80s#Soundtrack" title="Guitar Hero Encore: Rocks the 80s">songs</a></li></ul></li>
<li><i><a href="Guitar_Hero%3A_Aerosmith" title="Guitar Hero: Aerosmith">Aerosmith</a></i>
<ul><li><a href="List_of_songs_in_Guitar_Hero%3A_Aerosmith" title="List of songs in Guitar Hero: Aerosmith">songs</a></li></ul></li>
<li><i><a href="Guitar_Hero%3A_Metallica" title="Guitar Hero: Metallica">Metallica</a></i>
<ul><li><a href="List_of_songs_in_Guitar_Hero%3A_Metallica" title="List of songs in Guitar Hero: Metallica">songs</a></li></ul></li>
<li><i><a href="Guitar_Hero_Smash_Hits" title="Guitar Hero Smash Hits">Smash Hits</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="Guitar_Hero%3A_Van_Halen" title="Guitar Hero: Van Halen">Van Halen</a></i></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Spinoffs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="Band_Hero" title="Band Hero">Band Hero</a></i></li>
<li><a href="Guitar_Hero%3A_On_Tour" title="Guitar Hero: On Tour"><i>On Tour</i> series</a>
<ul><li><a href="List_of_songs_in_the_Guitar_Hero%3A_On_Tour_series" title="List of songs in the Guitar Hero: On Tour series">songs</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Guitar_Hero_Mobile_series" title="Guitar Hero Mobile series"><i>Mobile</i> series</a></li>
<li><i><a href="DJ_Hero" title="DJ Hero">DJ Hero</a></i>
<ul><li><a href="List_of_songs_in_DJ_Hero" title="List of songs in DJ Hero">songs</a></li></ul></li>
<li><i><a href="DJ_Hero_2" title="DJ Hero 2">DJ Hero 2</a></i>
<ul><li><a href="List_of_songs_in_DJ_Hero_2" title="List of songs in DJ Hero 2">songs</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Cultural_impact_of_the_Guitar_Hero_series" title="Cultural impact of the Guitar Hero series">Cultural impact</a></li>
<li><i><a href="Clone_Hero" title="Clone Hero">Clone Hero</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="D-Pad_Hero" title="D-Pad Hero">D-Pad Hero</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="Rock_Band" title="Rock Band">Rock Band</a></i></li>
<li><a href="Slash_(musician)" title="Slash (musician)">Slash</a></li>
<li>"<a href="Guitar_Queer-O" title="Guitar Queer-O">Guitar Queer-O</a>"</li>
<li><a href="Marcus_Henderson_(musician)" title="Marcus Henderson (musician)">Marcus Henderson</a></li>
<li><a href="Steve_Ouimette" title="Steve Ouimette">Steve Ouimette</a></li>
<li>"<a href="Sudden_Death_(song)" title="Sudden Death (song)">Sudden Death</a>"</li>
<li><a href="WaveGroup_Sound" title="WaveGroup Sound">WaveGroup Sound</a></li>
<li><i><a href="Frets_on_Fire" title="Frets on Fire">Frets on Fire</a></i></li>
<li><a href="Nyko_FrontMan" title="Nyko FrontMan">Nyko FrontMan</a></li>
<li><a href="Rhythm_game_accessories" title="Rhythm game accessories">Rhythm game accessories</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>
<ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"></span></span> Category</li></ul>
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<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3120829#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata501" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3120829#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata501" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Authority control databases </div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/159822123">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no2007059971">United States</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><!--htdig_noindex--><div><div class="zim-footer">
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